Acupuncture has been used for thousands of years as a natural therapy for managing pain, stress, and other health concerns. Many patients are curious about how acupuncture actually works in the body. Recent research provides a better understanding of the mechanisms behind acupuncture, helping patients make informed decisions about incorporating it into their wellness routine.

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Study Overview

Understandings of acupuncture application and mechanisms, Lin, Kotha, Chen, 2022, American Journal of Translational Research.

• Purpose: To summarize the current understanding of acupuncture’s physiological and neurobiological mechanisms and its clinical applications.
• Method: The authors reviewed experimental and clinical studies on acupuncture, focusing on how it affects nervous, immune, and circulatory systems.
• Results: The review suggests that acupuncture may:
  
  • Modulate pain via nervous system pathways
  • Promote circulation and tissue repair
  • Influence the release of neurotransmitters and endogenous opioids
  • Exert anti-inflammatory effects through immune and hormonal pathways
• Conclusion: Acupuncture can have multiple effects on the body, supporting its use as a complementary approach for pain management, stress regulation, and overall wellness.

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Mechanistic Understanding of Acupuncture

1. Neural Activation‍

• Needle insertion activates local receptors in the skin and underlying tissues.
• Signals travel through nerve fibers to the spinal cord and brain, modulating physiological functions such as pain perception, muscle tone, and autonomic activity.

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2. Purinergic Signaling Pathway

• Acupuncture may trigger ATP release from skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts).
• ATP is converted to adenosine, which can bind to adenosine A1 receptors, contributing to pain modulation.

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3. Mast Cell Degranulation & TRPV Channels

• Mast cells at acupoints may release mediators in response to stimulation, supporting acupuncture effects.
• TRPV1/TRPV2 channels in muscle and mast cells act as mechanosensors, responding to needle insertion, mechanical pressure, or heat.

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4. Local Tissue & Immune Interactions

• Minor tissue stimulation can activate immune cells and release proinflammatory factors, which may further signal sensory nerves.

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5. Anatomical Features of Acupoints

• Acupoints are thought to have higher concentrations of muscle spindles, cutaneous receptors, and tendon-organ-like structures, which may make them more responsive to stimulation.

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Mechanisms of Acupuncture Analgesia (Pain Relief)

• Endorphin Release: Acupuncture may stimulate the release of endorphins, which interact with opioid receptors in the spinal cord and brain to reduce pain perception.
• Bioactive Chemicals: Acupuncture can influence opioids, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which are involved in pain modulation through spinal and supraspinal pathways.
• Non-Opioid Pathways: Some studies suggest involvement of an orexin–endocannabinoid pathway in the brain, indicating additional mechanisms beyond opioid-mediated analgesia.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Acupuncture

• HPA Axis Modulation: Acupuncture may affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, helping reduce pro-inflammatory molecules like COX-2 and PGE2.
• Sympathetic Nervous System Activation: Stimulating acupoints may trigger the peripheral release of endogenous opioids, which can contribute to anti-inflammatory effects.
• Catecholamine Release: Acupuncture may promote the release of adrenal catecholamines acting on dopamine D1 receptors, which could support systemic anti-inflammatory responses.

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Ready to Try PrimeLife Acupuncture?

Whether you’re experiencing acute or chronic pain, acupuncture can help restore mobility and reduce discomfort safely and effectively.

Book your appointment today with the experts at PrimeLife Acupuncture, the top-rated acupuncture clinic in Bethesda.

Curious to learn more about how acupuncture can help with other pain-related issues? Explore our Pain Management page or visit our Blog for further insights improving your well-being naturally.

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References:

Lin, J.-G., Kotha, P., & Chen, Y.-H. (2022).Understandings of acupuncture application and mechanisms. American Journal of Translational Research, 14(3), 1469–1481. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8991130/

Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

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A Hidden Source of Neck and Shoulder Pain

The levator scapulae is a small but powerful muscle that connects the upper neck to the shoulder blade. It plays a major role in lifting the shoulder and stabilizing neck movement. Because of its location and daily use, it is one of the most common—but often overlooked—sources of neck stiffness and shoulder pain. When this muscle becomes tense or develops trigger points, patients may feel deep aching near the upper shoulder blade or at the side of the neck. This condition is often mistaken for general “neck pain,” but in reality, the levator scapulae is frequently the true origin of discomfort.

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Anatomy and Function of the Levator Scapulae

The levator scapulae arises from the transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae (C1–C4) and inserts at the superior angle of the scapula. Its main job is to elevate and rotate the scapula downward and assist in neck side bending when the shoulder is fixed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2023).

Because it connects the neck to the shoulder blade, any posture that strains either area—such as forward head posture or carrying a heavy bag on one shoulder—can easily overload this muscle. Over time, tension builds up and may lead to myofascial trigger points, which can refer pain to the neck, shoulder, and upper back.

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Common Symptoms of Levator Scapulae Dysfunction

Patients with levator scapulae tension often describe:

• Deep, dull pain at the upper corner of the shoulder blade
• Neck stiffness or pain when turning the head to the opposite side
• Pain that worsens after long hours at a computer or phone use‍
• Headaches at the base of the skull
• Shoulder elevation or limited range of motion

These symptoms may worsen with stress, cold exposure, or poor posture. Since the muscle connects to the cervical spine (C1–C4), tightness here can even contribute to mild nerve irritation or tension headaches.

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Trigger Points and Referred Pain Patterns

Trigger points in the levator scapulae are typically located just above the upper scapular border. They may radiate pain:

• Along the neck and shoulder line
• Toward the upper back
• Occasionally to the angle of the jaw or temple area

Because these referral zones overlap with other muscles like the trapezius, accurate diagnosis requires careful palpation and differential assessment by a licensed practitioner (Travell &Simons, 1999).

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Causes and Risk Factors

Common causes of levator scapulae tension include:

• Poor posture: Forward head position or rounded shoulders
• Repetitive strain: Carrying bags, using crutches, or holding a phone between the ear and shoulder
• Stress or anxiety: Emotional tension can unconsciously tighten the neck and shoulder muscles
• Prolonged sitting: Sedentary desk work without breaks
• Cervical spine dysfunction: Underlying joint or disc problems in the upper neck may irritate the levator scapulae

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How to Relieve Levator Scapulae Tension or Pain

One effective approach to addressing tension in the levator scapulae muscle is acupuncture, which can support the release of trigger points in the muscle and the reduction of discomfort and stiffness.

Additional strategies that can be beneficial include gentle massage, stretching, applying heat, and addressing contributing factors such as posture, stress, and repetitive strain. By combining these approaches, patients can experience relief from muscle tension and improved mobility over time.

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Self-Care and Prevention Tips

In addition to acupuncture treatment, the following strategies help maintain long-term results:

• Stretch regularly: Gently tilt your head forward and to the side while keeping shoulders relaxed.
• Improve posture: Keep computer monitors at eye level and avoid leaning forward.
• Avoid heavy shoulder bags: Distribute weight evenly across both sides.
• Manage stress: Practice breathing, meditation, or light exercise.
• Stay warm: Avoid direct exposure to air conditioning on the neck and shoulders.

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Although small, the levator scapulae plays a crucial role in neck and shoulder function. Chronic tension in this muscle can cause persistent pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Acupuncture offers a safe, natural, and research-supported way to reduce levator scapulae tension and improve overall neck health.

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Ready to Try PrimeLife Acupuncture?

Whether you’re experiencing acute or chronic pain, acupuncture can help restore mobility and reduce discomfort safely and effectively.

Book your appointment today with the experts at PrimeLife Acupuncture, the top-rated acupuncture clinic in Bethesda.

Curious to learn more about how acupuncture can help with other pain-related issues? Explore our Pain Management page or visit our Blog for further insights improving your well-being naturally.

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References:

• Kenhub.(n.d.). Levator scapulae muscle – anatomy, function & clinical significance. https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/levator-scapulae-muscle
• National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2023). Levator scapulae muscle. In StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553120/
• Travell, J. G., & Simons, D. G. (1999). Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual (Vol. 1). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

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Disclaimer

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

Introduction to Tension Headache

Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of headache worldwide, often described as a dull, tightening pain or a pressure-like sensation around the forehead, temples, or back of the head and neck.

Unlike migraines, tension headaches are not typically accompanied by nausea or visual disturbances but can still significantly impact daily life, concentration, and mood.

Episodes may be infrequent and short-lived for some people, but for others, tension headaches can become chronic—occurring more than 15days per month and lasting several hours or even days at a time.

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Causes and Contributing Factors of Tension Headache

The exact cause of tension-type headache is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of muscular tension, emotional stress, and nervous system sensitivity.

Common contributing factors include:

• Muscle tension in the scalp, neck, and shoulder region
• Emotional stress or anxiety, triggering the “tight band” feeling around the head
• Poor posture or prolonged screen time, straining neck and shoulder muscles
• Lack of sleep or irregular sleep patterns
• Dehydration or skipping meals
• Hormonal changes and fatigue

When these triggers persist, the nervous system may become more sensitive to pain, leading to chronic tension headaches.

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Common Symptoms of Tension Headache

Patients often describe symptoms such as:

• Dull, aching pain or tightness on both sides of the head
• Pressure or a squeezing sensation around the forehead or temples
• Tenderness in the scalp or shoulder muscles
• Difficulty concentrating or feeling mentally fatigued
• Sensitivity to light or noise (mild to moderate)

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Factors That Can Worsen Tension Headaches

Certain lifestyle habits or conditions may increase the frequency or intensity of tension headaches, such as:

• Chronic stress and emotional strain
• Long hours of computer or phone use
• Poor posture or lack of ergonomic support
• Eye strain from uncorrected vision issues
• Excessive caffeine or alcohol intake
• Skipping meals or dehydration

Addressing these aggravating factors is often the first step in long-term headache prevention.

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Natural Ways to Help Reduce Tension Headaches

Some self-care and preventive approaches can help minimize headache recurrence:

• Stress management through mindfulness, meditation, or breathing exercises
• Regular stretching of neck and shoulder muscles
• Adequate hydration and balanced meals
• Maintaining good posture during work and screen time
• Acupuncture, as an evidence-based therapy that may reduce pain and frequency

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Scientific Evidence: How Acupuncture Helps with Tension Headache

Recent research has shown promising results for acupuncture as a natural treatment for tension-type headache.

A 2023 systematic review and network meta-analysis published in Frontiers in Neurology by Hu et al. examined 30 randomized controlled trials involving 2,722 participants with tension-type headache.

The study compared acupuncture and related therapies to conventional treatment and sham acupuncture.

Key findings included:

• Acupuncture significantly reduced headache frequency and pain intensity compared to sham treatment.
• Patients receiving acupuncture reported improved quality of life and fewer side effects.
• The researchers concluded that acupuncture is a safe and effective complementary therapy for managing tension-type headache, especially for those seeking non-pharmacological options.

This growing body of evidence supports acupuncture as a gentle, drug-free way to address both the physical and stress-related components of chronic headaches.

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Ready to Try PrimeLife Acupuncture?

Whether you’re experiencing acute or chronic pain, acupuncture can help restore mobility and reduce discomfort safely and effectively.

Book your appointment today with the experts at PrimeLife Acupuncture, the top-rated acupuncture clinic in Bethesda.

Curious to learn more about how acupuncture can help with other pain-related issues? Explore our Pain Management page or visit our Blog for further insights improving your well-being naturally.

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References

Hu, J., Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Wang, H., & Xu, M. (2023).Acupuncture and related therapies for tension-type headache: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neurology, 14, 1223456.https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1223456

Disclaimer

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

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Understanding Low Back Pain and How Acupuncture Can Help

Lower back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints, affecting up to 80% of adults at some point in their lives. It can range from occasional stiffness to chronic discomfort that disrupts daily activities, sleep, and even mental well-being. Causes vary widely, including injury, poor posture, prolonged sitting, or emotional stress.

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Acupuncture has been shown to provide relief by targeting multiple mechanisms behind low back pain. Not only does it help relax tight muscles, but it also improves circulation and modulates pain signals, allowing the body to heal more effectively. Many patients report improvements in mobility, sleep, and overall quality of life after a course of acupuncture treatment.

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Causes and Contributing Factors of Low Back Pain

Low back pain is rarely caused by a single factor. Instead, it usually results from a combination of structural, lifestyle, and emotional influences. Understanding these causes is key to effective management.

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1. Musculoskeletal Strain

• Improper lifting, twisting, or repetitive motion can strain muscles and ligaments.
• Sports injuries or sudden movements may cause acute flare-ups.

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2. Postural Imbalance

• Prolonged sitting or standing, especially with poor ergonomics, weakens the core and stabilizing muscles.
• Slouching or forward head posture increases stress on the lumbar spine.

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3. Degenerative Changes

• Aging can lead to disc degeneration, herniation, or osteoarthritis in the spine.
• These changes may reduce spinal flexibility and increase susceptibility to injury.

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4. Stress and Emotional Tension

• Chronic stress can cause muscle tightness, reduced blood flow, and heightened pain perception.
• Emotional strain may amplify the discomfort associated with low back pain.

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Common Symptoms of Low Back Pain and How They Affect Daily Life

Patients with low back pain may experience:

• Dull, aching pain in the lower back that may worsen after prolonged activity
• Muscle tightness or spasms, sometimes radiating to the hips or legs (sciatica)
• Stiffness that limits bending, twisting, or lifting
• Difficulty bending, twisting, or sitting for long periods
• Sleep disruption due to discomfort in certain positions

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Patients often find that everyday tasks such as sitting at a desk, driving, or carrying groceries become challenging. Symptoms may fluctuate and worsen with poor posture, stress, or physical overexertion.

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Factors That Worsen or Relieve Low Back Pain

Worsening factors:

• Sedentary lifestyle or prolonged standing
• Cold, damp weather exposure
• Poor mattress or sleeping posture
• High stress or emotional tension

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Relieving factors:

• Gentle stretching, yoga, or low-impact exercise
• Heat therapy to relax muscles
• Proper posture and ergonomic support
• Stress management techniques like meditation or deep breathing

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Combining these with acupuncture treatment can improve outcomes and reduce recurrence.

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Scientific Research Supporting Acupuncture for Low Back Pain

A large analysis of nearly 18,000 patients from 29 high-quality clinical trials looked at acupuncture for chronic pain, including back and neck pain. The study found that acupuncture:

• Reduces pain more effectively than no treatment or sham acupuncture
• Provides relief that is more than just a placebo, though relaxation and overall treatment experience also contribute
• Can be a safe and reasonable referral option for chronic low back pain

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In short, acupuncture offers real, evidence-based pain relief and supports overall well-being for people suffering from chronic low back pain.

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Ready to Try PrimeLife Acupuncture?

Whether you’re experiencing acute or chronic pain, acupuncture can help restore mobility and reduce discomfort safely and effectively.

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Book your appointment today with the experts at PrimeLife Acupuncture, the top-rated acupuncture clinic in Bethesda.

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Curious to learn more about how acupuncture can help with other pain-related issues? Explore our Pain Management or visit our Blog for further insights improving your well-being naturally.

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References

1. Vickers, A. J., Cronin, A. M., Maschino, A. C., Lewith, G., MacPherson, H., Foster, N. E., Sherman, K. J., Witt, C. M., Linde, K., & Acupuncture Trialists' Collaboration (2012). Acupuncture for chronic pain: individual patient data meta-analysis. Archives of internal medicine,172(19), 1444–1453. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3654

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Disclaimer

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

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Wrinkles area natural part of aging, and while some are earned through a life well-lived, others can be influenced by external factors. One significant contributor to premature wrinkles is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. This blog post explores how UV light impacts our skin and why using sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays is crucial for maintaining healthy and youthful skin.

UV Light and Wrinkling:

UV light from the sun is like a double-edged sword. On one hand, it provides us with much-needed vitamin D, but on the other hand, it can lead to wrinkles. UV rays penetrate the skin and break down collagen and elastin, the proteins responsible for keeping our skin firm and elastic [1]. As these proteins weaken, wrinkles start to form. The more time we spend in the sun without protection, the greater the risk of developing premature wrinkles. Additionally, exposure to UV light and the breakdown of collagen are more pronounced in individuals with lighter skin compared to those with darker skin [2].

Types of UV Light and Their Impact:

Not all UV light is created equal. There are two main types that reach our skin: UVA and UVB. UVA rays penetrate the skin deeply, causing long-term damage and contributing to skin aging [3]. UVB rays, on the other hand, are responsible for sunburns and play a key role in the development of skin cancers [3]. Both types of UV light can accelerate the formation of wrinkles, but they affect the skin in different ways. UVA rays can prematurely age the skin, leading to sagging and fine lines, while UVB rays primarily cause sunburns that can also contribute to wrinkle formation over time.

Sunscreen for both UVA and UVB:

Now that we understand how UV light can impact our skin, it's clear why protecting ourselves is crucial. Sunscreen acts as a shield against these harmful rays, preventing them from penetrating and damaging the skin. Understanding the labels on sunscreen products is crucial for effective sun protection.

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SPF (Sun Protection Factor, Protection Grade of UVB)

• Measure of a sunscreen's ability to block UVB rays
• Higher SPF provides longer protection against UVB, responsible for sunburns

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PA (Protection Grade of UVA)

• Indicates protection level against UVA rays
• More plus signs (e.g., PA+, PA++, PA+++) signify higher protection against UVA

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Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen

• Protects against both UVA and UVB rays
• Offers comprehensive defense against various types of skin damage

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Recommended Sunscreen Factor

• Generally, at least SPF 30
• High PA rating for effective and broad-spectrum protection against UV light

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It's essential to choose a product with labels of both SPF and PA or broad-spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays for comprehensive protection.

By making sunscreen a daily habit, we not only guard against wrinkles but also reduce the risk of sunburns and lower the chances of skin cancers. So, the next time you step outside, make applying sunscreen a simple yet powerful routine to keep your skin healthy, happy, and looking its best.

References:

[1] Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023c, December 12). Wrinkles. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrinkles/symptoms-causes/syc-20354927

[2] Rittié, L., & Fisher, G. J. (2015). Natural and sun-induced aging of human skin. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 5(1), a015370. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a015370

[3] Alexander, H. (2019, June 19). What’s the difference between UVA and UVB rays? MD Anderson Cancer Center.https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/what-s-the-difference-between-uva-and-uvb-rays-.h15-1592991.html

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Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

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Chronic indigestion despite normal imaging test results. Why?

Functional dyspepsia is a condition related to digestion that causes discomfort in the upper abdomen. Unlike other digestive issues, it doesn't have a clear physical cause, making it a functional disorder. It's important to note that functional dyspepsia is not caused by an underlying structural problem, inflammation, or tissue damage in the digestive system.

Common symptoms of functional dyspepsia include persistent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, often described as burning or gnawing. Some individuals may feel overly full or bloated after meals, heartburn, or acid reflux. Additionally, there might be early satiety, where a person feels full sooner than expected during a meal. Symptoms may come and go over time, and they can be triggered or worsened by certain foods, stress, or anxiety.

The exact cause of functional dyspepsia is not well understood, but several factors may contribute to its development. These factors include abnormalities in the way the stomach muscles contract, increased sensitivity to stomach acids, and certain infections. Stress and anxiety can also play a role in exacerbating symptoms. While the precise cause may vary among individuals, functional dyspepsia is generally considered a result of a complex interplay of these factors.

Evidence-Based Medicine for Functional Dyspepsia:

Functional dyspepsia can be effectively addressed through the combined benefits of acupuncture and herbal medicine. These holistic approaches work in tandem to restore the normal functionality of the stomach, alleviate stress or anxiety, consequently reducing hypersensitivity in the digestive organs. Additionally, they play a crucial role in promoting the excretion of waste and enhancing overall circulation within the body, leading to improved digestion.

The therapeutic benefits of acupuncture for functional dyspepsia are becoming increasingly evident through clinical trials.

In a comprehensive meta-analysis, researchers examined data from various clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in patients with functional dyspepsia. The first analysis compared acupuncture and electroacupuncture with sham (placebo) acupuncture in seven trials, involving636 participants. After a 4-week treatment period, acupuncture demonstrated a significant positive impact on functional dyspepsia symptoms and improvements in NDI scores (which assess both symptoms and quality of life) compared to sham acupuncture [1]. In a separate analysis comparing acupuncture to conventional medication (prokinetic agents), involving ten RCTs with 916 participants, acupuncture also showed superiority in enhancing NDI scores [1].

These findings provide valuable insights, suggesting that acupuncture can be considered as an alternative treatment for symptoms of functional dyspepsia.

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Curious about more conditions we can help with related to Internal Medicine? Explore how we support Internal Medicine issues. 

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Reference:

[1] Pang, B., Jiang, T., Du, Y. H., Li, J., Li, B., Hu, Y. C., &Cai, Q. H. (2016). Acupuncture for Functional Dyspepsia: What Strength Does It Have? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2016, 3862916.https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3862916

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Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

What is Depression?

Depression has become a prevalent symptom. Even those dealing with depression often find themselves pushing through their days, setting aside their emotions to tackle the tasks at work and home. Depression is considered a medical condition that affects how you think, feel, and handle daily activities. People with depression often find it challenging to shake off these feelings, and it can persist for a long time. The good news is that help and support are available, and many people with depression can feel better with the right treatment.

What causes Depression?

• Life Events: Loss, stress, or major changes in life can contribute to the development of depression.
• Family History: If someone in your family experienced depression, you might be more likely to go through it too.
• Chemical Imbalances: Changes in the brain's chemical messengers can play a role in depression.

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What are the common symptoms of Depression?

• Persistent Sadness: Feeling persistently sad or irritable
• Loss of Interest: Losing interest in activities you used to enjoy
• Sleep Issues: Trouble sleeping or changes in sleep patterns
• Appetite Changes: Significant changes in appetite, either eating more or less
• Fatigue: Feeling tired all the time
• Difficulty Concentrating: Trouble focusing on tasks or making decisions
• Physical Symptoms: Headaches, stomachaches, or other physical discomfort

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How Acupuncture can help manage Depression?

• ‍Improving brain activity, increasing connectivity between certain brain regions: Studies show that acupuncture treatments increase connectivity between certain brain regions, particularly those involved in emotions and mood regulation. This enhanced connectivity is associated with clinical improvements in depressive symptoms. Acupuncture may work by stimulating biochemical pathways and restoring neuronal structures, impacting neurotransmitters like serotonin [1].
• Anti-inflammatory effect: The production of inflammatory substances can contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. Inflammation can disrupt neurotransmitter balance, which is crucial for mood regulation. Studies show that acupuncture could be a non-pharmacological treatment for depression, influencing the nervous system to counteract inflammatory responses [1]. Additionally, acupuncture may increase the release of endorphins, which have anti-inflammatory effects and could directly improve depressive symptoms [1].
• Improving gut health: Gut health also plays a role in depression. Poor gut microbe composition contributes to development of depressive symptoms. Acupuncture can improve the gut microbe composition, restoring stability and improving gastrointestinal function [1].

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Evidence-Based Medicine for Depression:

A meta-analysis of clinical trials has highlighted the positive impact of acupuncture in reducing the severity of depression. This study incorporated29 clinical trials with a total of 2268 participants. The acupuncture group exhibited clinically significant reductions in depression severity when compared to the sham acupuncture (placebo therapy) group [2]. Moreover, the group receiving acupuncture as an adjunct to antidepressant medication also demonstrated notable decreases in depression severity in comparison to the group solely on antidepressant medication [2]. These findings suggest that acupuncture could be considered as a viable alternative or adjunct therapy to standard antidepressant medication.

Interested in learning about other symptoms we can help with in Mental Health? Explore how we support Mental Health issues.

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References:

[1] Yang, N. N., Lin, L. L., Li, Y. J., Li, H. P., Cao, Y., Tan, C. X., Hao, X. W., Ma, S. M., Wang, L., & Liu, C. Z. (2022). Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Depression. Current neuropharmacology, 20(4), 738–750. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210609162809

[2] Armour, M., Smith, C. A., Wang, L. Q., Naidoo, D., Yang, G. Y., MacPherson, H., Lee, M. S., & Hay, P. (2019). Acupuncture for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of clinical medicine, 8(8), 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081140

Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

What is Dysmenorrhea?

Dysmenorrhea is a term that describes painful periods or menstrual cramps. It's when you feel discomfort or pain in your lower belly area, and it's a common experience for many people during their menstrual cycle. The pain can range from mild to severe and might last for a few days.

What are the causes for Dysmenorrhea?

• Uterine Contractions: Dysmenorrhea is often caused by the uterus contracting too strongly during your period, aiming to shed its lining.
• Inflammation and Prostaglandins: High levels of chemicals called prostaglandins in the body can contribute to more intense menstrual pain [1].
• Underlying Conditions: Conditions like endometriosis or fibroids can add to the severity of dysmenorrhea, making the pain stronger [1].

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Common symptoms of Dysmenorrhea:

• Lower Abdominal Pain: Throbbing or cramping pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis, typically starting a day or two before your period and lasting several days [1]
• Pain that radiates to the lower back and legs[1]
• Associated Symptoms: nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, or headaches during the period [1]

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How Acupuncture can help?

• Relaxing the uterine muscles.
• Reducing inflammation: It has been known that inflammation is involved in menstrual cramps, and the anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture are helpful in regulating menstrual cramps [2].
• Acupuncture is known to reduce prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels and enhance the release of opioids, contributing to systemic anti-inflammatory effects [3].

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Evidence-Based Medicine for Menstrual Cramps:

The effectiveness of acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhea was explored through the analysis of results from 49 clinical trials. This meta-analysis revealed that acupuncture demonstrated greater efficacy in reducing menstrual pain compared to both no treatment and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [4]. These findings strongly suggest that acupuncture could be a valuable option for the effective management of primary dysmenorrhea.

Looking for help with other Women’s Health concerns? Discover our comprehensive care for Women’s Health.

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References:

[1] Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022, April 30). Menstrual cramps. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menstrual-cramps/symptoms-causes/syc-20374938

[2] Yu, W.Y., Ma, L. X., Zhang, Z., Mu, J. D., Sun, T. Y., Tian, Y., Qian, X., &Zhang, Y. D. (2021). Acupuncture for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Potential Mechanism from an Anti-Inflammatory Perspective. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2021, 1907009. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1907009

[3] Lin, J.G., Kotha, P., & Chen, Y. H. (2022). Understandings of acupuncture application and mechanisms. American journal of translational research, 14(3),1469–1481.

[4] Woo, H.L., Ji, H. R., Pak, Y. K., Lee, H., Heo, S. J., Lee, J. M., & Park, K. S.(2018). The efficacy and safety of acupuncture in women with primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 97(23), e11007.https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000011007

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Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

What is PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that affects how a woman's ovaries work. In normal condition, the eggs in cysts that are small fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries grow to maturity and get released regularly. However, with PCOS, immature eggs fail to become mature for ovulation and cysts with immature eggs are piled up around the ovaries, leading to challenges with the regular menstrual cycle and fertility [1].

What are the causes for PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown. There are few factors that might play a role in the development of PCOS.

• Excess androgen: Androgen is the male hormone. Production of too much androgen interferes with ovulation [1].
• Insulin resistance: Insulin is a hormone that allows cells to use sugar. If cells are resistant to insulin, then blood sugar levels increase, leading to more production of insulin. Too much insulin can cause our body to make too much androgen, which is a male hormone that may disturb ovulation [1].
• Low-grade inflammation: People with PCOS have a type of chronic, low-grade inflammation that causes polycystic ovaries to produce androgens [1].
• Family history of PCOS [1].

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Evidence-Based Medicine for PCOS:

To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in women with PCOS, researchers analyzed the outcomes of 5 clinical trials with 364 participants. The findings revealed a significant improvement in menstrual frequency with acupuncture [2]. Additionally, a separate analysis of 13 clinical trials involving 917 participants demonstrated a notable reduction in testosterone levels through acupuncture [2]. Since elevated testosterone is common in women with PCOS, these results indicate that acupuncture could be considered as a potential treatment for addressing irregular menstrual periods associated with PCOS.

In addition, the combination of herbal medicine and moxibustion has shown potential in treating PCOS. A meta-analysis of clinical trials aimed to assess the effectiveness of this combination revealed significantly higher pregnancy rates in the group receiving herbal medicine with moxibustion compared to those using only western medication [3]. Moreover, the group that received both herbal medicine with moxibustion and western medication demonstrated a significantly higher pregnancy rate than the group solely on western medication [3]. These findings suggest that herbal medicine and moxibustion could serve as alternatives or complementary therapies to western medication for managing PCOS and infertility.

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Want to know more about the different Fertility and Perinatal Care conditions we can help with? Find out here.

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References:

[1] Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022b,September 8). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/symptoms-causes/syc-20353439

[2] Wu, J., Chen, D., & Liu, N. (2020). Effectiveness of acupuncture in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine, 99(22), e20441. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020441

[3] Kwon, C. Y., Lee, B., & Park, K. S. (2018). Oriental herbal medicine and moxibustion for polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis. Medicine, 97(43), e12942. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000012942

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Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

What is neck disc pain?

Neck pain can significantly impact our daily lives, and often, it's linked to issues with the cervical discs in our spine. These small, cushion-like structures between the vertebrae play a crucial role in supporting neck movement. When problems arise, they can lead to discomfort, stiffness, and even radiating pain.

Neck disc pain, often attributed to a herniated cervical disc, results from the displacement of the soft, gel-like substance within the spinal disc. This herniation can occur due to age-related wear and tear, injury, or degeneration. When the disc's outer layer weakens, the inner material may protrude and press against surrounding nerves. This compression triggers pain, as nerves become irritated or inflamed. Additionally, herniated discs can cause stiffness and discomfort by compromising the spine's structural integrity.

Things that our neck discs dislike:

When you put too much pressure on your neck, maintain tension, or sit in a poor posture for a long time, it can lead to stiffness in the muscles and ligaments around the neck, potentially resulting in chronic pain. Neglecting chronic neck pain may contribute to muscle and ligament degeneration, becoming a precursor to neck disc issues. Moreover, failing to address conditions like forward head posture and turtle neck promptly may escalate and contribute to the development of neck disc problems. Therefore, seeking timely treatment is crucial to prevent potential complications associated with neck disc issues.

• Habit of lowering the head while looking at a smartphone
• Posture of pushing the chin forward while looking at the monitor
• Inappropriate height of the pillow, either too low or too high
• Prolonged forward head posture
• Sudden strain

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Herniated Cervical Disc Symptoms:

• Frequent shoulder and back pain
• Frequent numbness or tingling that goes down to the fingers
• Weakness in a hand or arm
• Stiff neck and frequent headaches

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 Simple neck pain might not necessarily indicate neck disc issues. However, if you're encountering numbness in the hands or arms, shoulder pain, and headaches, there's a higher likelihood of it being related to neck disc problems.

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Evidence-Based Medicine for Neck Pain:

The effectiveness of acupuncture in addressing these symptoms is becoming evident through research papers.

In a research study focusing on neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis, a condition related to wear and tear in the neck, the efficacy of acupuncture was compared with sham acupuncture or a placebo effect. The study, involving 896 patients, revealed that after 4 weeks, the group receiving acupuncture and intradermal needling experienced significantly less neck pain compared to the sham acupuncture or placebo group [1]. This improvement persisted even after 16 weeks [1], and individuals who received acupuncture and intradermal needling reported an overall better quality of life [1]. These findings suggest that acupuncture can be beneficial in alleviating neck pain associated with cervical spondylosis, and these positive effects may last for at least 3 months. While it's important to acknowledge that individual experiences may vary, the findings from this study suggest that acupuncture could stand out as a beneficial option for addressing neck pain.

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Curious about more conditions we can help with related to Pain Management? Explore how we support Pain Management issues.

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Reference:

[1] Chen, L., Li, M., Fan, L., Zhu, X., Liu, J., Li, H., Xu, Z., Chen, J., Liang, Z., Liu, Z., Feng, L., Chen, X., He, Q., Chen, X., Ou, A., He, J., Ma, R., Ning, B., Jiang, L., Fu, W. (2021). Optimized acupuncture treatment(acupuncture and intradermal needling) for cervical spondylosis–related neck pain: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Pain, 162(3), 728–739.https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002071.

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Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

Common Misconceptions about Cosmetic Acupuncture

Pain and Discomfort:

• Misconception: Cosmetic acupuncture is painful.
• Clarification: Cosmetic acupuncture typically involves very fine needles and is generally well-tolerated. Most people find it to be a relatively painless procedure.

Immediate and Dramatic Results:

• Misconception: Cosmetic acupuncture provides instant and dramatic results.
• Clarification: Cosmetic acupuncture is a gradual process. It may take several sessions to see changes, depending on skin age and skin type.

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Equivalent to Botox or Surgical Procedures:

• Misconception: Cosmetic acupuncture is just as effective as Botox or surgical facelifts.
• Clarification: Cosmetic acupuncture offers a natural and non-invasive alternative, but it may not produce the same immediate and drastic results as more invasive procedures. It focuses on overall facial rejuvenation and holistic health.

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Only for Wrinkle Reduction:

• Misconception: Cosmetic acupuncture is only for treating wrinkles.
• Clarification: While wrinkle reduction is one benefit, cosmetic acupuncture also addresses skin texture, tone, and overall facial rejuvenation. It can contribute to a more youthful appearance in various ways.

Risk of Infection:

• Misconception: Cosmetic acupuncture carries a risk of infection.
• Clarification: When performed by a licensed and experienced practitioner using sterile needles, the risk of infection is minimal. Proper hygiene and needle disposal practices are crucial to ensure safety.

Exclusively for Older Individuals:

• Misconception: Cosmetic acupuncture is only for older individuals seeking anti-aging benefits.
• Clarification: Cosmetic acupuncture can be beneficial for individuals of various ages. It not only addresses signs of aging but also promotes overall skin health and vitality.

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No Need for Other Skincare Practices:

• Misconception: Cosmetic acupuncture eliminates the need for other skincare practices.
• Clarification: While cosmetic acupuncture contributes to skin health, maintaining a good skincare routine, a healthy diet, and lifestyle practices are essential for comprehensive and sustained results.

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Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.

IVF with acupuncture:

In vitro fertilization is a series of procedures that include the eggs retrieval, sperm collection, fertilization in a lab, and embryo transfer to a uterus [1]. IVF is often recommended for various fertility issues, such as fallopian tube blockages, male infertility, unexplained infertility, or when other fertility treatments have not been successful. The success of IVF varies for each individual and is influenced by factors like age, overall health, and the specific causes of infertility.

Acupuncture has gained popularity as an adjunct therapy to increase the success rate of the IVF process.

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Theories: How acupuncture can increase the success rate of the IVF process

• Improved Blood Flow: Acupuncture is believed to enhance blood flow to the uterus and ovaries. Improved blood circulation may provide a better environment for the development of follicles and the implantation of embryos.
• Reduced Stress: The IVF process can be stressful, and stress may negatively impact fertility. Acupuncture has been suggested to help reduce stress by promoting the release of endorphins, which are feel-good hormones that may positively influence fertility.

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Evidence-Based Medicine for Fertility:

Numerous research studies have highlighted the positive impact of acupuncture on the success rates of pregnancy. In one instance, a meta-analysis of 7 clinical trials, encompassing 756 participants, assessed the efficacy of acupuncture for individuals with a history of recurrent implantation failure undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. The findings demonstrated a significantly higher pregnancy rate in the acupuncture group compared to the group receiving sham acupuncture (placebo group) or no additional therapy alongside the IVF process [2].  

Another clinical trial involving 72 participants undergoing the IVF process revealed an increased pregnancy rate. In this trial, the acupuncture group underwent three sessions of acupuncture treatments (1st session one week before embryo transfer, 2nd session 30 minutes before embryo transfer, and 3rdsession 30 minutes after embryo transfer), while the other group did not receive any acupuncture treatment [3]. Participants with a positive Beta-HCG(above 5.0 mIU/ml at 12 days after embryo transfer) were further monitored for clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and live birth rate. The acupuncture group demonstrated higher pregnancy rates (63.9% versus 33.3%), ongoing pregnancy rates (55.6% versus 30.6%), and live birth rates (52.8% versus 40.3%)compared to the group without acupuncture treatment, and these differences were statistically significant [3].

Clinical trials examining IVF with acupuncture have shown an increased pregnancy rate, suggesting that acupuncture can be a valuable component of integrated medical care for infertility.

Want to know more about the different Fertility and Perinatal Care conditions we can help with? Find out here.

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References:

[1] Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023b,September 1). In vitro fertilization (IVF). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/in-vitro-fertilization/about/pac-20384716

[2] Li, M., Liu, Y., Wang, H., Zheng, S., Deng, Y., & Li, Y.(2021). The Effects of Acupuncture on Pregnancy Outcomes of Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2021, 6661235. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6661235

[3] Guven, P. G., Cayir, Y., & Borekci, B. (2020). Effectiveness of acupuncture on pregnancy success rates for women undergoing in vitro fertilization: A randomized controlled trial. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics& gynecology, 59(2), 282–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2020.01.018

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Disclaimer:

This website and its contents are intended for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Whenever possible, it is advised to seek professional care from a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical treatment.